why is miss marie called the maginot line

11. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Sensitive and delicate, she passively suffers the abuse of her mother, father, and classmates. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. The prejudice and treatment that Pecola receives because of her skin color is called "colorism," a sister type of discrimination that has only recently been studied and researched. Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . What does it communicate about the Breedlove household? You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. One attack broke through a weak section of the line in the Vosges Mountains, but the French defenders stopped a second attack near Wissembourg. The Maginot Line was built to fulfil several purposes: Maginot Line fortifications were manned by specialist units of fortress infantry, artillery and engineers. (including. Behind them were minefields and tank traps made from row after row of porcupine-like iron girders that would cripple armored vehicles. The Maginot Line was impervious . [31] Stephen Ambrose wrote that in January 1945, "a part of the line was used for the purpose it had been designed for and showed what a superb fortification it was." It is the Maginot Line. [18], French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic, as Versailles had forbidden German conscription, and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. They go to Pecolas house, but no one is home. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. 3. Beyond that, the French were well aware of the contribution of Britain and its dominions to the victory of 1918. It was preceded by anti-tank obstacles made of metal rails planted vertically in six rows, with heights varying from 0.701.40 metres (2ft 4in 4ft 7in) and buried to a depth of 2m (6ft 7in). [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. French engineers even constructed emergency dams and levees that could flood the surrounding fields to further slow the German attack. The infantry casemates often had one or two "cloches" or turrets located on top of them. [14], In 1926, The Manchester Guardian ran an expos showing the Reichswehr had been developing military technology forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles in the Soviet Union. Refine any search. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France within five days and they continued to advance until 24 May, when they stopped near Dunkirk. When The Maginot Line asks if the girls are looking for someone, Claudia explains they are looking for Pecola. During the advance to the English Channel, the Germans overran France's border defence with Belgium and several Maginot Forts in the Maubeuge area whilst the Luftwaffe simply flew over it. Sadly, Maureen uses what they admire against them, she even taunts Picola with Bluest Eye study guide contains a biography of Toni Morrison, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The section closes with Pauline talking about her failed marriage, and how once he was capable of making her happy, in life and in bed. "Maginot and these other guys weren't dumb," says Kirchubel. Friedas experience is frightening and confusing, but she is quickly defended by her protective parents, and Henry is a foolish rather than a threatening figure. Battles on the Western front were little effected by the Line. He is a kind man and excellent storyteller. An independent and strong-minded nine-year-old, Claudia is a fighter and rebels against adults tyranny over children and against the Black communitys idealization of white beauty standards. The heavy fortifications were designed to block the most direct line of attack into France and avoid repeating what happened in WWI, when the German forces occupied large swaths of the strategically important Alsace-Lorraine region. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. They say they aren't allowed to be around her. The fights become more and more violent. Look up his videos for some good strategy. [47][48] More seriously, historians have noted rather than the Germans doing what the French had envisioned, the French played into the Germans' hand, culminating in their defeat. The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Her love she saves for the Fishers' daughter, while she becomes quick-tempered and abusive with her own children. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Once the French forces left the Rhineland in 1930, this form of leverage with the Rhineland as collateral was no longer available to Paris, which from then on had to depend on Berlin's word that it would continue to abide by the terms of the Versailles and Locarno treaties, which stated that the Rhineland was to stay demilitarised forever. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. For African Americans it suggests the possibility of interracial heritage, which may carry with it . Check out the Hackenberg Maginot Fort, now a military museum offering tours, and the Schoenenbourg Fort. They could be single (with a firing room in one direction) or double (two firing rooms in opposite directions). She knows that Henrys actions are inappropriate, but she does not understand what they mean. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty. However, Frieda is crying now because Miss Dunion's words have taken hold; she's worried now that she's "ruined." Sometimes it can end up there. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Walter Sanders/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images. At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. The Maginot Line Two score and six years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, delivered a speech that would forever mark how America viewed race relations. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Dunion. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. [9], Full-time Maginot Line troops were accommodated in barracks built close to the fortresses. The line included the following retractable turrets. The original construction did not cover the area ultimately chosen by the Germans for their first challenge, which was through the Ardennes in 1940, a plan known as Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), due to the neutrality of Belgium. Claudia and Frieda run away and decide that even though Pecolas mother works on the other side of town, Friedas situation is dire enough that they should go find her. Pauline points out the hypocrisy of the woman, who says she's thinking of Pauline's future but won't give her the small sum she needs to pay the gas man. He goes from being the young lover to the naked black boy, forced to go on with sex while two bigger and stronger men watch. Two telephone wires were placed parallel to the line of fortifications, providing redundancy in case a wire gets cut. Pecola and the MacTeers leave the house in shame, laundry bag in tow, and as they leave they can hear Mrs. Breedlove fussing over the little white girl, who is crying. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. His rape of Pecola is motivated by hatredthe text says explicitly that he despises his daughter for loving him because he is painfully aware of his failures. Pecola, not knowing that the meat is poisoned, brings it to the dog. The lies about traveling with the prostitutes points to her desire to escape her abusive home and see the world. | The French side of this border is called the Maginot Line, where the French built a tremendous fortification across from the then Westwall/Hindenburg Line. She says they can wait on the porch until Pecola gets home but they are too scared of her. A defensive strategy based on the Maginot Line was an excellent way of demonstrating to Britain that France was not an aggressive power and would only go to war in the event of German aggression, a situation that would make it more likely that Britain would enter the war on France's side.[28]. $24.99 March 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Continue to start your free trial. [clarification needed] The line stretched from Switzerland to Luxembourg and a much lighter extension was extended to the Strait of Dover after 1934. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Claudia's assumption that sexual interaction always feels good suggests an innocence that Frieda no longer has. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. She is surprised to see them, and they ask her why she is not afraid of the Maginot Line. The Maginot Line tells them Pecola is at her mother's workplace, explaining that Mrs. . But this may not be a fair characterization. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. for a group? 19 January 2021. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. For the girls, the beauty of the homes likewise signifies their worth and the worth of the people who live in them. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. The girls walk all the way to the rich part of town where Mrs. Breedlove works. Both of the girls think that being ruined means becoming fat like Marie, and believe that Poland and China aren't fat only because they drink whiskey. Pecola is about to use a wagon to bring the wash back to the Breedlove storefront, and Mrs. Breedlove says that the MacTeer sisters can walk back with her. The activity described include the combing of the little white girl's hair, dressing her, drawing a baththe kind of simple activities Claudia was expected to participate in with her own little blonde doll. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. This chain of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda. The Maginot Line: Actually a Good Idea. The infantry manned the lighter weapons of the fortresses and formed units with the mission of operating outside if necessary. for a customized plan. Frieda is more knowledgeable about the adult world and sometimes braver than Claudia. [23] Germany had the largest economy in Europe but lacked many of the raw materials necessary for a modern industrial economy (making the Reich vulnerable to a blockade) and the ability to feed its population. These colossal concrete "works" packed heavy firepower and were connected to nearby stations by underground rail lines to shuttle men, weapons and supplies. She loses her tooth, Pauline tells us, while biting into a piece of candy at the movies. Mrs. Breedlove sticks her head out the door, is introduced to the girls, and tells them they can wait with Pecola for the laundry and then walk back to town with her. | Maureen is light-skinned and wealthy. Maginot Line. Ultimately, any tender feelings Cholly has for Pecola are transformed into a desire to consume her. Of the roughly 8.5 million French soldiers mobilized in 1914 to fight Germany and the other Central Powers, more than 6 million became casualties, either killed, wounded or declared missing during four years of grueling trench warfare. [39][40], The historian Clayton Donnell commented, "If one believes the Maginot Line was built for the primary purpose of stopping a German invasion of France, most will consider it a massive failure and a waste of money in reality, the line was not built to be the ultimate saviour of France". She finds a permanent job working for a wealthy and warm-hearted white family called the Fishers. During the ensuing Ruhrkampf ("Ruhr struggle") between the Germans and the French that lasted until September 1923, Britain condemned the French occupation of the Ruhr. Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. Yet Frieda's response to sex, now that she has been assaulted, is that it feels like nothing. Frieda likewise demonstrates her love for her father by hitting Rosemary. Instead of worrying that her own daughter has been burned by the hot berries, she pushes Pecola down into the pie juice. The Maginot Line tells them she works at a big white lakefront house. But when Hitler and the Nazis rose to power in the early 1930s, they quickly backed out of the Treaty of Versailles and began equipping for a much different kind of war. As far as we know, Soaphead Church is the only mortal being to whom Pecola has revealed her wish, and his emotional reaction is admiration. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. Static defensive positions were therefore intended not only to buy time but to economise on men by defending an area with fewer and less mobile forces. By the end of the novel, through Pecola's experience, the MacTeer sisters will have a much better understanding of ruin. [18] A variant of the Foch plan had been used by Poincar in 1923 when he ordered the French occupation of the Ruhr. This logical but mistaken chain of reasoning adds a rare note of humor to the story that is unfolding. The playground for whites only lets the girls know that they are in a place where they are not welcomed based purely on the color of their skin. The white hunters are out of his reach; for all intents and purposes they are invincible (although later, as a grown man, Cholly learns to hate and kill white men). Continue to start your free trial. Read an in-depth analysis of Pauline Breedlove. At fifteen, she meets Cholly; they marry and move far up to the North. Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. France lost about 1.4 million dead and 4.2 million wounded, while . She has not yet learned the self-hatred that plagues her peers. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. Morrison Deconstructs White Standards of Beauty in The Bluest Eye, The Unexamined Other: Confronting the Social Hypocrisy of Maureen in The Bluest Eye. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. He tortures the family cat and harasses children who come to the nearby playground. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Soaphead Church is self-deluding, unhappy, and megalomaniacal. They realize the other prostitutes are not fat, and based on their mother's gossip about the prostitutes believe the reason for this is because they drink whiskey. Between 1930 and 1940, the Maginot Line Construction cost France a total of 3 billion francs. But does that mean that the Maginot Line was the colossal blunder that many historians have made it out to be? (one code per order). She treats the girls with some kindness, telling them that Pecola is with Mrs. Breedlove at the house where Mrs. Breedlove is a servant. Pauline describes the first steady job she landed, working as a housekeeper for an ungenerous and pretentious white family. The thick-walled forts and casemates of the Maginot Line withstood direct hits from German bombers as they were designed to do, but the real action happened far away from that solid line of defense. Indeed, Belgium feared it would be sacrificed in the event of another German invasion. 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